General Characteristics:
The Black Cherry, scientifically known as Prunus serotina, is a medium to large deciduous tree that belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae). It typically grows to heights of 50-80 feet, with a trunk diameter of 2-3 feet. The tree is characterized by its narrow, oblong leaves that are 2-5 inches long with finely serrated edges and a shiny dark green surface. In spring, it produces small white flowers in elongated clusters, followed by dark purplish-black fruits in late summer.

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Range
The Black Cherry tree is native to eastern North America and thrives across a broad range of regions from the Atlantic coast westward to the Great Plains, and from southern Canada down to northern Florida and Texas. In Michigan, it is widespread and commonly found in mixed hardwood forests, thriving in well-drained soils and full sunlight.

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How to Identify
Identifying the Black Cherry tree involves noting its distinctive bark and leaves. The bark of young trees is smooth with horizontal lenticels, resembling birch bark, while older trees have a dark, scaly, and rough bark that looks like burnt potato chips. The leaves are simple, alternate, and lance-shaped with fine serrations along the edges. When crushed, the leaves emit a characteristic almond-like scent due to the presence of cyanogenic compounds.

 

Commercial Value
Black Cherry wood is highly valued in the commercial market for its rich, reddish-brown color and fine grain, making it a popular choice for furniture, cabinetry, flooring, and veneers. The wood is also prized for its workability, durability, and smooth finish, making it a favorite among woodworkers and craftsmen.

 

Wildlife Value
The fruits of the Black Cherry tree are an important food source for many species of birds, including songbirds like the American robin and the cedar waxwing. Mammals such as raccoons, foxes, and black bears also consume the cherries. The tree’s foliage provides habitat and cover for various wildlife, contributing significantly to the ecological community.

 

Symbiotic Relationships
Black Cherry trees engage in mutualistic relationships with various species of fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi colonize the roots, enhancing the tree's ability to absorb water and nutrients, particularly phosphorus. In return, the tree provides carbohydrates and a suitable environment for the fungi to thrive.

 

Interesting Tidbits

• The Black Cherry tree’s fruit is used in the production of jams, jellies, and liqueurs.

• Native Americans historically used the inner bark to treat respiratory ailments.

• Despite its attractive fruit, all parts of the Black Cherry tree, except the ripe fruit, contain toxic compounds that can release cyanide when metabolized, making them harmful if ingested by humans or livestock.